باشگاه شبکه گیاهی ایران
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Lolium perenne L.
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perennial rye grass, English rye grass, rye-grass, perennial darnel
چچم پایدار، چچم دائمی
خیر
معتدل
افغانستان، آلبانی، الجزایر، اتریش، Azores، کشورهای بالتیک، بلاروس، بلژیک، بلغارستان، جزایر قناری، روسیه مرکزی اروپا، کرس، قبرس، چکسلواکی، دانمارک، East Aegean Is.، روسیه شرق اروپا، هیمالیای شرقی، مصر، فرانسه، آلمان، بریتانیای کبیر، یونان، مجارستان، ایران، عراق، ایرلند، ایتالیا، قزاقستان، قرقیزستان، کراسنویارسک، کرت، کریمه، لبنان-سوریه، لیبی، مادیرا، موریتانی، مراکش، نپال، هلند، قفقاز شمالی، روسیه شمال اروپا، روسیه شمال غربی اروپا، نروژ، پاکستان، فلسطین، لهستان، پرتغال، رومانی، ساردینیا، Selvagens، سیسیل، روسیه جنوب اروپا، اسپانیا، سوئد، سوئیس، تاجیکستان، قفقاز جنوبی، تونس، ترکیه، ترکیه در اروپا، ترکمنستان، اوکراین، هیمالیای غربی، سیبری غربی، یوگسلاوی
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اطلاعات سایت GBIF
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| منتشر شده در | وضعیت نام گونه | نام گونه |
|---|---|---|
| Monogr. Lolium: 31 (1853) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium rosetlanum Fig. & Delile ex Rouville |
| Verz. Gew. Teutschl.: 328 (1782) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium repens Honck. |
| Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 812 (1866) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium pseudoitalicum Schur |
| Syn. Pl. 1: 110 (1805) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. cristatum Pers. |
| Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 355 (1898) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. brasilianum (Nees) Kuntze |
| Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 30(II): 103 (1857) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium marschallii Steven |
| Nomencl. Bot. 1: 492 (1821) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium latum Roth ex Steud. |
| Lotos 2: 229 (1852) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium jechelianum Opiz |
| Fl. Bad. 1: 271 (1805) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium halleri C.C.Gmel. |
| Fl. Gallega: 409 (1852) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium glumosum Planellas |
| Monogr. Lolium: 25 (1853) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium felix Rouville |
| Index Kew. 2: 108 (1894) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium cristatum Pers. ex B.D.Jacks. |
| Consp. Fl. Eur.: 845 (1859) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium compressum Boiss. & Orph. ex Nyman |
| B.V.von Berchtold & P.M.Opiz, Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. 1: 379 (1836) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium cechicum Opiz |
| Monogr. Lolium: 27 (1853) | Heterotypic synonym/مترادف هتروتیپی | Lolium canadense Bernh. ex Rouville |
| C.F.P.von Martius, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2: 443 (1829) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium brasilianum Nees |
| Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 2: 748 (1817) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium agreste Roem. & Schult. |
| Monogr. Lolium: 35 (1853) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium aechicum Rouville |
| P.E.Boissier, Fl. Orient. 5: 681 (1884) | Heterotypic synonym/مترادف هتروتیپی | Hordeum compressum Boiss. & Orph. |
| Verz. Gew. Teutschl.: 328 (1782) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium gmelinii Honck. |
| Fl. Orient. 5: 680 (1884) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium rigidum var. compressum (Boiss.) Boiss. |
| Fl. Oxon.: 50 (1794) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. compressum Sibth. |
| Fl. Angl., ed. 2: 55 (1778) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. tenue (L.) Huds. |
| Hort. Gram. Woburn., ed. 2: 211 (1825) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. ramosum G.Sinclair |
| Rep. (Annual) New York Agric. Exp. Sta., Geneva 1882: 77 (1993) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. pacyi Sturtev. |
| Jahresber. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 57: 334 (1879 publ. 1880) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne f. microstachyum R.Uechtr. |
| Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 812 (1866) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. aristulatum Schur |
| Monogr. Lolium: 33 (1853) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium montevidense Rouville |
| Aliso 28: 66 (2010) | Synonym/مترادف | Festuca perennis (L.) Columbus & J.P.Sm. |
| Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne subsp. perenne | |
| Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. Beih., 3, 30: 316, 316, 1913 | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne f. longiglume (Grantzow) Junge |
| Fl. Helv. 1: 352 (1828) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. humile Gaudin |
| J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 4: 683 (2010) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne subsp. stoloniferum (C.Lawson) Wipff |
| Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 33: 98 (1942) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. scabriculme Maire |
| Fl. Baden: 116 (1855) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. paleaceum Döll |
| Hort. Gram. Woburn., ed. 2: 211 (1825) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. whitworthiense G.Sinclair |
| Synonym/مترادف | Lolium annuum Gilib., 1792 | |
| J. Bot. Soc. Bot. France 46-47: 113 (2009) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne subsp. trabutii (Hochr.) Dobignard |
| Observ. Gramin. Belg.: 98 (1824) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne subsp. tenue Dumort. |
| Fl. Germ.: 397 (1806) | Heterotypic synonym/مترادف هتروتیپی | Lolium perenne var. compositum Schrad. |
| Index Seminum (NKME, Erfordia) 1801: ? (1801) | Heterotypic synonym/مترادف هتروتیپی | Lolium annuum Bernh. |
| Synonym/مترادف | Lolium cristatum Pers., 1805 | |
| Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A., 1392: 9, 9, 1968 | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne f. aristulatum (Schur) Terrell |
| Hort. Gram. Woburn., ed. 2: 211 (1825) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. stickneiensis G.Sinclair |
| Hort. Gram. Woburn., ed. 2: 211 (1825) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. monstrosum G.Sinclair |
| Landw. Fl.: 357 (1866) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. commune Alef. |
| Synonym/مترادف | Lolium pratense Dubois ex Delarbre, 1800 | |
| 1827 | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium multiflorum var. ramosum Guss. |
| Fl. Germ.: 397 (1806) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. vulgare Schrad. |
| Fl. Uckermarck: 351 (1860) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. longiglume Grantzow |
| Fl. Germ.: 398 (1806) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. viviparum Schrad. |
| Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. paniculatum G.Sinclair | |
| Fl. Baden: 116 (1855) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. orgiale Döll |
| Enum. Pl. Saell. 1: 36 (1801) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. ramosum Schumach. |
| Acta Horti Petrop., 1: 24, 24, 1871 | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. marschallii (Steven) Trautv. |
| Agric. Man.: 104 (1836) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. stoloniferum C.Lawson |
| Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 93 (1821) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. viviparum Gray |
| Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. perenne | |
| Homotypic synonym/مترادف همتایپی | Lolium canadense Bernh. | |
| Homotypic synonym/مترادف همتایپی | Lolium rosetlanum Fig. & Delile | |
| Homotypic synonym/مترادف همتایپی | Lolium latum Roth | |
| Homotypic synonym/مترادف همتایپی | Lolium compressum Boiss. & Orph. | |
| Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. withworthiensis Sinclair, 1824 | |
| Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. compositum Gray, 1821 | |
| Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 93 (1821 publ. 1822) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. paniculatum Gray |
| Enum. Pl. Saelle 1: 36 (1801) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. spicatum Schumach. |
| Bot. Zeitung (Berlin), App. 1: 8 (1863) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. geniculatum Hallier |
| Hort. Gram. Woburn., ed. 2: ? (1824) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. russellianum Sinclair |
| Grass. Scotland 1(1): 142 (1842) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. angustifolium Parn. |
| Comp. Fl. Ital.: 799 (1882) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne subsp. ramosum Arcang. |
| Homotypic synonym/مترادف همتایپی | Lolium pratense Dubois | |
| Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 93 (1821 publ. 1822) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. purpurascens Gray |
| Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 812 (1866) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. condensatum Schur |
| Brit. Grass.: 215 (1867) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. pacyanum Plues |
| Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 754 (1902) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. pauciflorum Asch. & Graebn. |
| J.C.M.Grenier & G.Gordon, Fl. France Corse 3(2): 612 (1856) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. furcatum Godr. |
| Oesterr. Bot. Z. 27: 124 (1877) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. auriculatum Hack. |
| Pl. Eur. 1: 120 (1890) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne subsp. cristatum (Pers.) K.Richt. |
| Fl. Luxemb.: 41 (1836) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. secundum Tinant |
| J. Bot. 1: 8 (1863) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. sphaerostachuym Mast. |
| Comp. Fl. Ital.: 799 (1882) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne subsp. compositum (Schrad.) Arcang. |
| Fl. Descr. Anal. Paris, éd. 2: 656 (1861) | Heterotypic synonym/مترادف هتروتیپی | Lolium perenne var. aristatum Coss. & Germ. |
| Fl. Nieder-Österreich: 112 (1890) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. polyanthum Beck |
| Fl. Alsace 2: 361 (1857) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. spurium Kirschl. |
| Fl. Friburg. 1: 157 (1825) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. confertum Spenn. |
| Fl. Brit. 1: 143 (1800) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne var. ramosum Sm. |
| Pl. Eur. 1: 120 (1890) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne subsp. tenue (L.) K.Richt. |
| Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne subsp. aristulatum Schur | |
| Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne subsp. microstachyum R.Uechtr. | |
| Synonym/مترادف | Lolium rigidum subsp. compressum (Boiss.) Boiss. | |
| Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne subsp. ramosum Schumach. | |
| Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne f. silvaticum Jansen & Wacht. | |
| Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne subsp. cristatum Pers. | |
| Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne subsp. pacyi Sturtev. | |
| Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne subsp. compressum Sibth. | |
| Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne subsp. brasilianum (Nees) Kuntze | |
| Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne subsp. tenue (L.) Huds. | |
| Sver. Fl.: 730 (1901) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne f. tenue (L.) Neuman |
| Sver. Fl.: 730 (1901) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne f. compositum (Schrad.) Neuman |
| Sver. Fl.: 730 (1901) | Synonym/مترادف | Lolium perenne f. polyanthum (Beck) Neuman |
| Gene ID | type | Description | Chromosomes | Genomic Accession Version |
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| LOC127308600 | PROTEIN_CODING | major pollen allergen Lol p 5a | 6 | NC_067249.2 |
| LOC127316704 | PROTEIN_CODING | dolabradiene monooxygenase | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127314734 | PROTEIN_CODING | T-complex protein 1 subunit alpha | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127314741 | PROTEIN_CODING | xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase protein 8 | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127314906 | PROTEIN_CODING | germin-like protein 8-11 | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127314955 | PROTEIN_CODING | RNA demethylase ALKBH10B | 1 | NC_067244.2 |
| LOC127315521 | PROTEIN_CODING | protein TRIGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL 2, chloroplastic | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127316255 | PROTEIN_CODING | manganese-dependent ADP-ribose/CDP-alcohol diphosphatase | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127316305 | PROTEIN_CODING | AP-3 complex subunit mu | 1 | NC_067244.2 |
| LOC127316314 | PROTEIN_CODING | thiol protease SEN102 | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127316454 | PROTEIN_CODING | sorbitol dehydrogenase | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127316497 | PROTEIN_CODING | chloroplastic group IIA intron splicing facilitator CRS1, chloroplastic | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127316544 | PROTEIN_CODING | protein KINASE OF THE OUTER CHLOROPLAST MEMBRANE 1 | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127316688 | PROTEIN_CODING | uncharacterized LOC127316688 | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127316714 | PROTEIN_CODING | paired amphipathic helix protein Sin3-like 3 | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127314654 | PROTEIN_CODING | putative F-box/LRR-repeat protein 23 | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127316730 | PROTEIN_CODING | RNA-binding protein BRN1 | 1 | NC_067244.2 |
| LOC127316750 | PROTEIN_CODING | isoamylase 1, chloroplastic | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127316850 | PROTEIN_CODING | probable lipoxygenase 8, chloroplastic | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127316969 | PROTEIN_CODING | alpha-glucan water dikinase, chloroplastic | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127317005 | PROTEIN_CODING | geraniol 8-hydroxylase | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127317081 | PROTEIN_CODING | thioredoxin reductase NTRA | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127317141 | PROTEIN_CODING | uncharacterized WD repeat-containing protein C2A9.03 | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127317172 | PROTEIN_CODING | homeobox protein knotted-1-like 2 | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127317245 | PROTEIN_CODING | calcium/calmodulin-regulated receptor-like kinase 2 | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127317504 | PROTEIN_CODING | probable protein phosphatase 2C 48 | 1 | NC_067244.2 |
| LOC127317546 | PROTEIN_CODING | protein BOBBER 1 | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127317591 | PROTEIN_CODING | shikimate kinase 2, chloroplastic | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127317674 | PROTEIN_CODING | polyadenylate-binding protein 2 | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127314692 | PROTEIN_CODING | cullin-3A | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127314496 | PROTEIN_CODING | uncharacterized LOC127314496 | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127317724 | PROTEIN_CODING | acylamino-acid-releasing enzyme | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127311567 | PROTEIN_CODING | phosphoglucan, water dikinase, chloroplastic | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127309054 | PROTEIN_CODING | GTP-binding protein YPTM2 | 6 | NC_067249.2 |
| LOC127310936 | PROTEIN_CODING | mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier-like protein | 1 | NC_067244.2 |
| LOC127311209 | PROTEIN_CODING | uncharacterized LOC127311209 | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127311301 | PROTEIN_CODING | F-box protein At2g26160 | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127311367 | PROTEIN_CODING | homeobox-leucine zipper protein HOX2 | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127311432 | PROTEIN_CODING | uncharacterized LOC127311432 | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127311463 | PROTEIN_CODING | uncharacterized LOC127311463 | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127311520 | PROTEIN_CODING | calcium-dependent protein kinase 26 | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127311536 | PROTEIN_CODING | oligopeptide transporter 7 | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127311544 | PROTEIN_CODING | probable low-specificity L-threonine aldolase 2 | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127311555 | PROTEIN_CODING | cyclin-dependent kinase F-4 | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127311564 | PROTEIN_CODING | multiple organellar RNA editing factor 2, chloroplastic | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127311587 | PROTEIN_CODING | protein FAR1-RELATED SEQUENCE 9 | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127314417 | PROTEIN_CODING | WD repeat-containing protein 26 homolog | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127311710 | PROTEIN_CODING | uncharacterized LOC127311710 | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
| LOC127311728 | PROTEIN_CODING | U-box domain-containing protein 12 | Un | NW_027249042.1 |
| LOC127311989 | PROTEIN_CODING | 14 kDa zinc-binding protein | 7 | NC_067250.2 |
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Bor, N.L. (1970). Flora iranica 70: 1-573. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
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Bor, N.L. (1968). Flora of Iraq 9: 1-588. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
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Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1985). Flora of turkey and the East Aegean Islands 9: 1-724. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
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Cope, T.A. (1982). Flora of pakistan 143: 1-678. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
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Nowak, A. & Nobis, M. (eds.) (2020). Illustrated Flora of Tajikistan and adjacent areas 2: 367-766. PAN, Polish academy of sciences.
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Karthikeyan, S., Jain, S.K., Nayar, M.P. & Sanjappa, M. (1989). Florae Indicae Enumeratio: Monocotyledonae: 1-435. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
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